Pandyan Invasion and Sack of Yapahuwa
1287 AD

Pandyan Invasion and Sack of Yapahuwa

In 1287 AD, Pandyan forces from South India invaded and sacked Yapahuwa, capturing the Sacred Tooth Relic, the most venerated Buddhist relic in Sri Lanka. Though the relic was later returned through diplomatic negotiations, this invasion marked the decline of Yapahuwa as a capital and forced the Sinhalese kingdoms to seek new defensive positions, leading to further fragmentation of political power.

The Yapahuwa Kingdom, despite its impressive fortifications, could not withstand the might of the Pandyan Empire. Following the death of King Buvanekabahu I, a Pandyan army led by the general Aryacakravarti invaded the island, bringing an end to Yapahuwa’s brief period of glory.

The Fall of the Rock Fortress

The invasion was swift and decisive. The Pandyans breached the defenses of Yapahuwa, capturing the citadel that had been designed to be impregnable. The fall of the fortress was a major blow to the Sinhalese kingdom, forcing the abandonment of the capital.

The Loss of the Relic

The most devastating consequence of the invasion was the capture of the Sacred Tooth Relic. The Pandyans seized the relic and carried it off to Madurai in South India. For the Sinhalese people, this was a catastrophe, as the possession of the Tooth Relic was seen as essential for the legitimacy of the king.

The Aftermath

The loss of the relic led to a period of political instability. It would take several years of diplomatic negotiations by the next king, Parakramabahu III, to recover the sacred object and restore it to the island, marking the beginning of the Kurunegala period.